The friction pile driving process starts by laying the grout shoe at the proper location and inserting the spigot end of the pile shaft into the conical point.
2.
When the soil is so soft that not even friction piles will support the building load, these types of foundation are the final option and makes the building behave like a boat : obeying Archimedes'principle, buoyed up by the weight of the earth displaced in creating the foundation.
3.
Since even the archaic mud is too weak in this concentrated load application for conventional vertical friction piles, large diameter tubular piles were driven ( inside the pumped-dry cofferdams ) at angles, forming a " battered " ( splayed ) footing, through the archaic mud into the firm aggregated sand, mud, and gravel of the Alameda formation.
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